Melissa Hickman Barlow (1998)

163-7). From 1970 to 1995, the news articles had established the gene linkage of race and crime as an un dubiousnessed assumption. Barlow's (1998) analysis of these look into articles thus indicated that the news media had contributed significantly to the construction of the negative insure of African American youngs as criminals.

Shawn Ginwright and Julio Cammarota (2002) investigated the implementation of a youth development model that cultivates minority youths' sense of tender arbitrator using ethnography as a research design. The render population consisted of minority youths who participated in deuce youth assorts-- leaders Excellence, Inc. and Youth Together--that helped them deal with problems in their schools and communities. Their main research question was how youth organizations can help young people of coloring develop critical consciousness about social justice and respond constructively to their social problems. The variable of the level of awareness of the youths in these organizations was assessed by observation and participation in the group over two years, along with the use of semi-structured interviews with participants (pp. 88-90).

The main findings indicated that the two youth organizations were highly successful in raising trine levels of awareness within these minority youths, which challenged them to explore and respond to the issues of social justice. Through their participation in the groups, the

youths first had to develop self-awareness of the relationship between their identities and the social oppressiveness that exists in society.

At the next level, they acquired social awareness by applying their understanding of social justice to the realities in their community and move in community service activities such as with child(p) food to the homeless. Finally, these groups enabled the participants to develop global awareness in which they merged their experiences and their community's problems with issues confronted by oppressed groups all over the world (Ginwright & Cammarota, 2002, pp. 89-90). By cultivating these three levels of awareness in minority youths, these two youth groups demonstrated how minority youths could be developed in a way that relates to their experiences and communities.

Celia B. Fisher, Scyatta A. Wallace and Rose E. Fenton (2000) investigated the different types and effects of racial and heathenish discrimination on minority adolescents using a vicenary survey. The subjects consisted of 177 minority adolescents aged from 13 to 19 years who were be an ethnically diverse public school in an urban area. Their main research question was to examine how adolescents from various ethnic a
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