Anthropology Notes

ANTHROPOLOGY NOTES

August 23

refinement (chapter 2)
Is it uniquely human?
tool use
capture with tools
learned behavior
NO, all of these are used by animals too, ex. whales and chimpanzees
Definitions:
cultivation is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
characterized as sets of control mechanisms - plans, recipes, rules, instruction, what computer engineers call programs for the governing of behavior
the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret their world and generate societal behavior
Culture is Learned:
Enculturation
vertical transmission (infancy) (parents to children through evident instruction, or picked up by seeing)
helping children to be equal to(p) to function in their society
Acculturation
horizontal transmission (throughout lifetime, knowledge gained)
biases - non all cultural traits are equally desirable
Culture is:
symbolical: verbal or non verbal, some mixer occasion that comes to represent something else.
Integrated: when one thing is changed, all other things are affected.
Shared: (but also contested) sub grows several(predicate) from dominant culture
Essentialism
assumes that the beliefs which may explain behavior are explained by membership in a particular culture.




view of cultural identity as established, real, and frozen
Human agency
actions that individuals take in forming and reforming culture(dynamic)
prototype culture - what people say they do and what they should do
real culture - actual behavior
Culture can be:
adaptive - social structures, political systems, how to earn a living. how to adapt and survive
mal-adaptive - in the abundant run.

Culture defines:
what is natural - values, dress, manners, roles, eating patterns
what is moral - norms, behaviors
inclusion and exclusion
Culture changes:
diffusion: borrowing of traits between cultures, ex. television, internet
acculturation: exchange through continuous...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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